Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: British attack in bad weather at Ypres from Poelcapelle to Passchendaele; enter latter but are driven back to outskirts. Five German counter-attacks allegedly repulsed.
Australian troops walking through the ruins of Chateau Wood at the Passchendaele Battle: © IWM (E(AUS) 1220): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...687297186066432
The wreck of German ace Heinrich Gontermann’s Fokker Dr-I, credited with 39 victories, killed the other day while testing it: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...990554844418048

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Italians fall back towards the River Tagliamento. Italian Navy complete Grado’s evacuation (southwest of river mouth). German 26th Division reaches Tagliamento taking Dignano and 20,000 PoWs.
Disarmed Italian PoWs are hurried into captivity, while German troops advance forward: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...rmans.jpg?ssl=1
Foch visits Cadorna’s new Treviso headquarter and tells him ‘You’ve lost only one army, fight hard with the others!’, as first French troops arrive in Italy. General Duchene with Tenth Army headquarters to command 4 divisions (120,000 men).
Devastated terrain around Gorizia, Italy after its capture by the Austro-Hungarian offensive: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...020757155106817

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Third Battle of Gaza: Major-General L. J. Bols succeeds Major-General Sir A. Lynden Bell as C.G.S. in Palestine. Naval bombardment of Gaza continues.

Political, etc
Germany: Count Georg Hertling succeeds Dr. Georg Michaelis as German lmperial Chancellor (see July 14th, 1917 and September 30th, 1918).
United Kingdom: Mr. Balfour on the Balkans.
Italy: Sig. Vittorio Orlando forms new Italian Cabinet.
U.S. offers a $230 million loan to help Italy fend off the Central Powers' offensive.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: Canadian troops, suffering 2,321 casualties, advance 600 yards around Passchendaele in heavy mud: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...050953660846080
Wounded Canadian and captured German soldiers receive hot coffee and cookies just a few thousand yards behind the frontlines: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...066058872119296
Total of 700 Mark IV tanks delivered to BEF by end October. BEF October monthly loss of 119,808 soldiers second worst of 1917. Haig inspects 23rd Division, about to leave for Italy.
Airplane raid on Kent and Dover: no damage. Another raid at night on Kent, Essex and London; 10 killed, 22 injured. First German Gotha incendiary raid: 22 Gothas bomb (183 dropped in Kent), 10 reaching London (83 bombs) cause only 32 civilian casualties as 10lb incendiaries often fail to ignite. 50 defence sorties (2 crash landings) achieve 6 brief sightings; 5 Gotha bombers crash on return (night October 31 – November 1).

Eastern Front
German attempts at fraternisation met with artillery fire.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: 2nd and 3rd Italian Armies withdrawn behind River Tagliamento. Germans claim over 180,000 prisoners and 1,500 guns to date.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Baltic: Russian admirals declare ‘the fate of Finland and the approaches to the capital depend primarily on the will of the enemy’; C-in-C Razvozov told on October 30, his post will be elective soon.
Atlantic, North Sea and Mediterranean: During October Allied and neutral shipping losses to U-boats, 159 ships (68 British with 293 lives) worth 448,923t. German figure 466,542t including 144,603t in Mediterranean. 99 homeward convoys have sailed since May. 1,502 steamers (10 lost in convoy); 6 U-boats lost – all to mines.
North Sea and Channel: 10,400 Royal Navy mines laid in Heligoland Bight and Dover Straits until 31 December.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Third Battle of Gaza: The Battle of Beersheba. This battle was part of the British offensive known as the Third Battle of Gaza aimed at breaking the Turkish defensive line that stretched from Gaza to Beersheba. The battle is best known for the charge of the 4th Light Horse Brigade [note: which has nothing to do with the Tennyson poem, “The Charge o the Light Brigade”, which criticized the attack of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars {Light Horse Brigade} at the Battle of Balaclava, during the Crimean War, over a half a century earlier] (see 27th and November 7th). British capture Beersheba, with 1,800 Turks and 9 guns, after 24-30 mile march, Another source explands on this: Captain Collins, 25th Welch Fusiliers, wins Victoria Cross for carrying wounded and bayoneted 15 Turks. Colonel Newcombe’s 70 British camelry cut Hebron-Jerusalem telegraph line in diversion. Allenby gains 1,947 PoWs, 15 guns and over 4 MGs for 1,348 casualties.
Australian and NZ troops of the Desert Mounted Corps advance at the opening of the Third Battle of Gaza: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...useel.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Mr. Balfour on the Balkans.
United States: U.S. government bans all Germans from working in New York ports due to the purported threat of sabotage and espionage.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

I'm learning so much from this series.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: Australian Corps of 5 divisions formed.
Aisne: Battle of La Malmaison ends (see October 23rd). Outflanked German Seventh Army retreats from Chemin des Dames until November 2; French reoccupy four villages on heights.
British airmen bomb Kaiserslautern.
A British mounted officer passes by a war cemetery at Roclincourt, France: © IWM (Q 70724): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...383158325014528
Autochrome photo of French soldiers shooting at aircraft on the Western Front: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...413350598742016

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: 60,000 more Italian soldiers are captured in the Central Powers offensive, as the Italians retreat across the Tagliamento River. Italians hold river Tagliamento (up to 3,000y yards wide) line until November 2 to allow time for Carnia and dilatory Fourth Army retreat plus Piave preparations. Austrian 10th Division reaches lower Tagliamento at Latisana. Foch and Robertson visit King at Padua.
In the past 8 days, Austria-Hungary and Germany have taken 120,000 prisoners, 1000 artillery guns, and 1000 square miles from Italy.

Naval and Overseas Operations
In November 139 Allied destroyers on convoy duty including 40 in Mediterranean (11 British ships lost). 381 ships sail in Mediterranean convoys (only 9 lost, or 2.35%). US Navy has over 40 ships at Brest under Admiral Wilson for convoy escort.
Channel: During November 14 British ships lost. Geddes forms Channel Barrage Committee under Rear-Admiral Keyes, Director of Plans.
Baltic: During November thousands of mutinous sailors from Russian Baltic Fleet act as shock troops of the Bolshevik (October) Revolution at Petrograd. German U-boat and auxiliary Equity land supplies in Finland for nationalists.
North Sea: British submarine E.52 sinks UC-63 south of Goodwins. In November Royal Navy lays 960 mines off Flamborough Head (East Coast) against Flanders U-boats.
(Listed for yesterday): German submarine SM UC-16, credited with sinking 42 ships during its career, goes missing, presumed sunk after striking a mine.
Britain: First Lord Geddes says in Parliament 4,500 ships convoyed safely to and from Norway since April. During November HMS Wakeful first of 23 W-class destroyers (ordered December 1916) completed (all finish until October 1918). 16 modified W-class destroyers launched January 1918 to November 11, 1919.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Third Battle of Gaza: Turkish defeat near Gaza; British capture outer defences on a front of 5,000 yards. Bulfin’s XXI Corps (11,000 men, 148 guns) captures Gaza’s outer defences night November 1-2 (over 1000 Turks killed, 550 PoWs, 3 guns and 30 MGs for 2,696 casualties until November 4). In November first 2,000 of 8,000 donkeys (4 coys) begin to help supply the EEF front line.
The British Imperial Camel Corps Brigade outside Beersheba, Ottoman Syria after its capture: © IWM (Q 109727): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...680107217440768

Political, etc
Russia: (listed for yesterday): Mayor of Petrograd (St. Petersburg, Russia) asks for calm, as flour shipments to the city from the countryside stop, threatening starvation.
(Today): Unrest in Petrograd; Maximalists threaten armed action.
Russian Premier Aleksandr Kerensky states Russia is spent and that the other Allied countries must shoulder the burden of the war.
United Kingdom: Ministry of National Service formed in Great Britain.
The Air Force (Constitution) Bill, 1917, is submitted to Parliament.
Following the disastrous defeat suffered by the Italian Army at Caporetto in October 1917, two British Divisions are dispatched to Italy to assist the Italians. This force is supported by VII Brigade of the Royal Flying Corps, (14th and 51st Wings), consisting of No.34 and No.42 Squadrons (Royal Aircraft Factory RE8s) and Nos. 28, 45 and 66 Squadrons (Sopwith Camels).
Italy: King Victor Emmanuel III meets the Allies: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...llies.jpg?ssl=1

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Excellent: "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
-George Santayana

Those who do remember the past will find new ways to fuck things up.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: Hostile artillery active east of Ypres.
Australian soldiers crowded in dugout 15 feet underground during the Battle of Passchendaele: © IWM (E(AUS) 1129): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...803449937166338

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Italy reorganises her forces behind the Tagliamento; Germans reach east bank of river.
Austrian 55th (Bosnian) and German 12th (Silesian) Divisions cross river Tagliamento via damaged rail bridge at Cornino and a footbridge at Pinzano during night November 2-3.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Kattegat: Raid by British naval light forces, covered by battlecruisers Glorious and Repulse, on the Kattegat (see April 15th, 1918). Destroyers sink German decoy ship Kronprinz Wilhelm off Kullen Light, and claim the sinking of ten armed patrol craft.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Third Battle of Gaza: British capture positions north of Beersheba.
Turkish troops attack the British during the fighting in Palestine: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...tsina.jpg?ssl=1
6 Turkish battalions compel Newcombe’s surrender. Turk Seventh Army counter-attacks DMC 10 miles north of Beersheba until November 7.
Mesopotamia: Battle of Daur: Tigris, British rout Turks near Dur, 85 miles above Baghdad: Cobbe’s 14,500 men (224 casualties) with 58 guns storm Turkish 51st divisions two lines (c.260 casualties) after 19-24-mile night advance.

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Mr. Balfour's letter to Lord Rothschild, giving Government approval to Zionism, published. Jewish-Arab London Rally welcomes the announcement.
United States: U.S. Treasury Department lends another $435 million to Great Britain, putting the total lent to the Allies at $3.566 billion.
China: Lansing-Ishii Agreement: US recognizes Japan’s special interests in China.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: Skirmishing activity round Ypres.
Aisne: French push forward in region of Corbeny and reach south bank of Ailette river.
First 3 AEF US troops killed (Corporal James Gresham, Privates Merle Hay & Thomas Enright) and 11 made PoWs in German storm company trench raid.
These are the first Ameriican PoWs to fall into German hands: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-POWS.jpg?ssl=1
An Australian soldier besides a fire in a dugout tells his comrades a story. © IWM (E(AUS) 1223): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...136856449880069

Eastern Front
Baltic Provinces and Western Russia: Germans succeed in provoking fraternization.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Italian troops reorganize their forces at the Tagliamento River after losing 200,000 soldiers as POWs in the Caporetto Battle. German pressure on Tagliamento increases.
West of L. Garda Germans make strong attacks on Italian advanced posts. Cadorna informs Rome he will retreat behind river Piave and hints at separate peace. French (until November 5). Germans refuse any more divisions for Italy.
Arrival of French 64th and 65th Divisions begins west of Lake Garda (see 4th).

Naval and Overseas Operations
Channel: British submarine C.15 sinks UC-65 (top 1917 sinker with 103 ships worth 112,859t) off Dartmouth, last of 6 Royal Navy submarine U-boat kills in 1917.
East Africa: British and Belgian forces make good progress; drive German detachments eastward.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: Third Battle of Gaza: The battle comes to a close, but minor operations against Gaza continued.
Royal Horse Artillery in action north of Beersheeba, as Allied forces continue to push Ottoman forces out of southern Palestine: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...076470019096583

Political, etc
France: Léon Bloy, French novelist, essayist, and poet, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...438848539844611
United Kingdom: Text of the Balfour Declaration, where the British government announces support for a homeland for the Jewish people: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...167050665504769
Italy: Agreement concluded among British, French and Italian Governments for provision of tonnage for the Allied food programme (see November 10th, 1915, January 6th and December 3rd, 1917).
Albania: Tringe Smajli, an Albanian guerrilla fighter who fought against the Ottomans, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...106669628690433

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: Raiding on Ypres and Arras fronts.
Verdun: Artillery active north of Chaume Wood.
French consolidate new positions along Chemin des Dames.
French troops advance along the Chemin des Dames, taking 18 square miles from the Germans: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...805001304862721
More U.S. troops landing in France at St. Nazaire: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...500513079873536

Eastern Front
Petrograd: Bolshevik Military Revolutionary Committee tells garrison of 155,000 soldiers to ignore orders to go to Front.
German troops on the Eastern Front increase fraternization attempts with the Russians in order to promote surrenders and defections.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Austrians take 10,000 PoWs and 24 guns cut off south of Tolmezzo from Italian XII Corps (Tassoni) until November 5 retreating from Carnia. Italians begin retreat from Tagliamento to Piave (night November 4-5), after Austrian Isonzo armies force crossings.
When crossing this bridge over the Tagliamento, Kaiser Karl I (second from left) was so near to the front line that the advancing Austrian troops had not had time to clear the dead out his path: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...mento.jpg?ssl=1
Damaged houses in Monfalcone, Italy after its capture by the Austro-Hungarians: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...484167667408896
Arrival of British troops in Italy announced (see 3rd and June 30th, 1918).

Political, etc
Russia: General K A Tumanov succeeds M. Aleksandr Verkhovski as Russian Minister of War.
United Kingdom: Mr Lloyd George and M. Paul Painleve leave for Italy.
Spain: The new Prime Minister of Spain Manuel García-Prieto states Spain will continue to be neutral in the war: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...774799782866944

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: What remains of Remus Wood during the Battle of Passchendaele: © IWM (E(AUS) 1049): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...153544838500352

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Austro-German forces cross Tagliamento north of Pinzano, capture many prisoners (another sources specifies 6,000)
Pressure on Italian left wing intensified.
Retreat of Italian troops down a military road in Venezia after the Battle of Caporetto: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...retto.jpg?ssl=1
Column of Italian prisoners taken by the Austro-Hungarians and Germans at the Caporetto Battle: © IWM (Q 60416): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...866653119438848
At Rapallo conference Italians ask for 15 Allied divisions, but settle for 11. Temporary British C-in-C Italy Lieutenant-General Lord Cavan arrives at Pavia with ADC Prince of Wales, sees Cadorna on November 6 and agrees to concentrate around Mantua not Milan. Most Italian troops stand behind river Livenza to let Fourth Army come down from north.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: British carry Turkish line of defenses between Gaza and Beersheba. Kress begins Gaza’s evacuation. Falkenhayn reaches Jerusalem.
Mesopotamia: Sir S. Maude routs Turks at Tekrit. Cobbe (1,801 casualties) storms 6-mile Turkish line aided by 13th Hussars’ 2 charges. 6,000 Turks lose estimated 1,500 (137 PoWs) men and retreat until November 6, destroying SS Julnar.

Political, etc
Russia: Kerensky calls loyal troops from suburbs, closes two Bolshevik newspapers, portrayed as ‘counter revolution’.
United Kingdom: Correspondence of British and German Governments re: alleged misuse of British hospital ships issued as White Paper (Cd. 8692).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Second Battle of Passchendaele phase of the Third Battle of Ypres: British attack launched at dawn on Ypres ridge. Passchendaele captured by Canadian forces (see October 26th, 1917 and April 16th, 1918); also Goudberg and Mosselmarkts with 464 PoWs. French I Corps captures Merckem. End of Third Battle of Ypres.
4 Royal Flying Corps Sopwith Camel fighters get lost and come down near Namur and Rheims (1 pilot escapes into Holland after burning plane).
Members of the Chinese military mission touring the ruins of Bapaume, France: © IWM (Q 6344): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...531051861401600

Eastern Front
Limited fighting on Russian front.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Italians again in retreat; they abandon the Tagliamento; enemy troops reach Maniago.
Renewed German attacks in Trentino.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Palestine: General Allenby captures Khuweilfesh, 11 miles north of Beersheba. 17,000-strong XX Corps (1,300 casualties) storms central Turkish Sheria position (c.4,000 men + c.40 guns) without prelim barrage, takes over 600 PoWs and 12 guns.
Turks captured at Beersheba: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...turks.jpg?ssl=1
Hejaz Railway: Lawrence and c.100 Arabs cross south of Deraa but lose explosives for Tell-el-Shehab rail bridge.
Mesopotamia: Tikrit (Mesopotamia) Occupied by British forces (see 5th).

Political, etc
Russia: Petrograd: 3 Don Cossack regiments decide not to back Kerensky. Bolsheviks seize railway stations, bridges, state bank and telephone exchange. Lenin arrives at Smolny Institute headquarters.
United Kingdom: War aims debate in House of Commons.
Italy: Conference at Rapallo (near Genoa) between Allied statesmen and generals on critical situation in Italy.
United States: U.S. Federal officials consider barring Germans and other enemy aliens from 100 miles of the coastline to prevent spying and espionage.
In Buchanan v. Warley, U.S. Supreme Court rules that Louisville, Kentucky cannot bar Blacks from buying homes in White neighborhoods.
“Rape of Belgium” propaganda piece appearing in the New York Tribune: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...244140345208832

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
British consolidate new positions at Passchendaele; no German counter-attacks.
Verdun: Germans attack French at Chaume Wood.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Italian troops are again forced into retreat as they abandon defenses on the Tagliamento River. Italians in retreat west from Tagliamento to reach River Livenza. Germans claim many thousand prisoners.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Baltic: Bolshevik cruiser Aurora (retained November 5) lands some of her 522 sailors to seize Nikolai Bridge in Petrograd. Revolution at Petrograd climaxes with searchlight assisted (but inaccurate) shelling of Winter Palace. Minelayer Amur, 2 minesweepers, 2 steamers, and 5 small craft arrive from Kronstadt with 3,800 sailors (c.9,700 in capital) and 950 soldiers. 4 destroyers sail from Helsinki to back Lenin (2 arrive on November 7) despite C-in-C’s protest.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
A claim that the Third Battle of Gaza ends, duplicating a separate claim for an earlier date. Capture of Gaza by General Allenby; the troops push on and reach the Wadi Hesi, eight miles north of Gaza.* British and French warships co-operate off coast.

Political, etc
Russia: The first of “Ten Days that Shook the World”: Maximalist (Bolshevik) revolution begins in Petrograd, known as the Great October Socialist Revolution, due to the Gregorian calendar date of 25 October 1917, then in use in Russia. Russian government troops raid the offices of Bolshevik newspaper Pravda, run by Joseph Stalin, and destroy its printing presses. Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee begin the occupation of government buildings on 7 November 1917 (New Style). Kerensky leaves by car to find loyal troops, other ministers in Winter Palace with 1,000 troops surrounded by 18,000 Reds. Red cruiser Aurora signals bombardment from 2210 hours.
The signal for the October Revolution – a shot is fired from the cruiser Aurora: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...urora.jpg?ssl=1
Italy: Allied Conference at Rapallo. Inception of Supreme War Council (see 27th).
General Luigi Cadorna relieved of the command of the Italian Armies (see May 23rd, 1915 and November 27th, 1917). Succeeded by General Armando Diaz.
United States: Notes of agreement between U.S. and Japan, concerning their interests in China, published.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Two successful British raids near Fresnoy and Armentieres.
‘Lively’ artillery actions along whole front.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Germans force crossing of Livenza river and pursue Italians towards Piave river.
Between Tolmezzo and Gemona, 17,000 Italians are outflanked and surrender.
Italian troops flee across the Livenza River, as the German and Austro-Hungarian armies take more prisoners and land. Italian POWs: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...922379216621568
At Peschiera British and French urge Cadorna’s removal, King replies already decided and that Piave line will be held. Bulk of Italian Fourth Army (9 divisions) from Dolomites joins First and Third Armies (21 divisions) on Piave line. Austrians occupy Vittorio Veneto and make it the headquarter of the Fourteenth Army on November 9. Austro-Hungarian troops entering the city: © IWM (Q 60453): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...283974803382273. Marie Fayolle made French C-in-C in place of Denis-Auguste Duchene, arrives on November 21.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
General Allenby follows up his victory in Palestine. 158 Yeomanry (66 casualties) charge and overrun Turkish rearguard taking 11 guns. 52nd Division (702 casualties) storms Sausage Ridge at fifth attempt.
Turks in retreat north on Hebron and Jerusalem. British troops cross the Wadi el Hesi in Palestine in pursuit.
Royal Flying Corps destroy 9 German planes in airfield attacks (until November 9), have ranged 126 targets (November 1-7), drop c.700 bombs (November 7-14) on other targets.
Ruined streets of Gaza after its capture by the Allies from the Ottomans: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...892169100230663

Political, etc
Russia: Red Guards overrun Winter Palace at 0100 hours. c.1,800 Red sailors arrive by train from Helsinki. During the Bolshevik coup d'état in Petrograd. M. Vladimir Lenin and M. Leon Trotski assume power. Former succeeds M. Aleksandr Kerenski as Premier (actual title: Chairman, Council of People’s commissars); and latter succeeds M. Mikhail Tereshchenko as Foreign Minister (actual title: Commissar for Foreign Affairs)(see 13th, May 16th and August 6th). Military Revolutionary committee cables all fronts to accept revolution or face arrest. Red troops occupy Kremlin in Moscow but Cossacks retake Minsk. Revolutionaries announce "an immediate democratic peace" their first objective.
The Winter Palace has been fallen and the members of the Provisional Government are under arrest. A Red Guard inside the throne-room of the Tsars: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...guard.jpg?ssl=1
Congress of Soviets approves Commissars of the People including Alexei Rykov (Interior) and Josef Stalin (National Minorities). Civil Service strike against Reds (strikers arrested and drafted on November 27). Reds seize Yaroslavl, Kazan and Samara on Volga and Vladimir.
Armed Bolshevik sailors posing for the camera: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...848131600949248
United Kingdom: Arrival in London of U.S. Mission under “Colonel” (Southern Gentleman Title) House.
British news-film "Topical Budget," showing the Polish Legion in France, carrier pigeons, and other news: http://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/record/index/5436
United States: Women win the right to vote in New York State and City in yesterday's election.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Heavy air fighting.
Flanders: British Second Army headquarters moves to Italy, Henry Rawlinson replaces Herbert Plumer in command of Flanders sector.

Eastern Front
Four million copies of Bolshevik Peace Decree sent to Front. Kerensky occupies Gatchina (28 miles south of capital) with 600 wavering Cossacks, having reached General Krasnov’s III Cavalry Corps headquarter at Ostrov on November 8.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Italians establish themselves behind the Lower Piave. Rommel fords upper river and with help captures 8,000 Italians and 20 guns at Longarone (night November 9-10). Italian front 75 miles (180 miles on October 24) long, but only 33 divisions available instead of 59. Last 3 Italian divisions cross river until November 10 and bridges blown. Conscript class of 1899 arriving.
Germans continue advance; in Trentino they recapture Asiago.
General Armando Diaz succeeds General Luigi Cardorna. General Armando Diaz: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...586718307008512
Trentino: Austrians reoccupy Asiago.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Royal Flying Corps attacks on the main ammunition dump and railhead of the Turkish 8th Army at El Tine in Gaza causes widespread panic amongst the Turkish troops. Their German commander, Von Kressenstein, said, "This did more to break the heart of the 8th Army and to diminish its fighting strength than all the hard fighting that had gone before."
Panic in Turkish Eighth Army headquarters and rear but thirst slows British pursuit. Brigade of Anzac Mounted Division takes 984 PoWs and 210 wagons in 16-mile ride that meets XXI Corps from Gaza.
Much war material collected at Tekrit.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria visits Trieste.
Russia: Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets recognizes the success of the Bolshevik uprising in Petrograd, Russia. The Council of People’s Commissars, chaired by Lenin, is formed: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...314425513250818
Lenin and the Revolutionary Military Committee remain in command of Petrograd; Soviets issue appeals for support of army.
Cossack Confederation forming.
Russian soldiers reading on the street leaflets printed by the Bolsheviks: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...etter.jpg?ssl=1
Petrograd Telegraph Agency broadcasts Bolshevik peace conditions. German government refuses to publish but German press do it on November 12.
United Kingdom: Lord Mayor's Banquet: important speeches.
Italy: Allied Ministers visit King of Italy on front.
Conference at Rapallo decides on creation of a Supreme Allied War Council for Western Front.
Uruguay: Troops seizes 8 German ships at Montevideo.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
A couple of claims that the Second Battle of Passchendaele ends, duplicating an earlier claim: English and Canadian troops make successful attacks along ridge north and north-west of Passchendaele. 1st Canadian Division (1,094 casualties) advances 500 yards north along main ridge east of Passchendaele-Westroosebeke highway despite 3 German counter-attacks, over 500 guns opposing and air attacks. Allied advance since July 31 are 4 1/2 miles.
Canadian and German ‘walking wounded’ on their way to a dressing station. They are resting on the devasted ground just outside Passchendaele: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...unded.jpg?ssl=1
Verdun: Germans “repulsed” at Chaume Wood by French.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: (Listed for yesterday): Italian troops establish defensive lines on the Piave River. Allied reinforcements arrive near the front, but are deployed 60 miles behind the Piave.
(Today): Austro-Hungarian advance checked on Asiago front; Conrad attacks but Italian First Army in skillful withdrawal retains key ground until November 14. On Upper Piave German-Austrian forces capture Belluno.

Naval and Overseas Operations
East Africa: British make good progress in East Africa; British troops occupy Ndonda, in Lukuledi valley. German-aligned northern force in retreat from Mahenge.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Further advance of General Allenby's forces; Ascalon occupied; fighting near Esdud.

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Count Czernin urges Kuehlmann in Germany to accept Bolshevik offer publicly but he declines on November 11.
Germany: German Treasury agrees to provide M 15 million to Bolsheviks via Stockholm.
Russia: Anti-Bolshevik reaction, troops loyal to Kerenski and Provisional Government march on Petrograd. Kerensky occupies Tsarskoe Selo. Street fighting in Moscow until November 15. Arthur Ransome reports in Daily News, ‘It is folly to deny … that the Bolsheviks do hold a majority of the politically active population.’
United Kingdom: Text of Air Force Bill publishes in "Times".
Tanks on parade in the Lord Mayor’s Show in London: © IWM (Q 54190): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...708019785011200
United States: To save fuel, U.S. government orders that electrical displays for advertising can only be turned on from 7:45 pm to 11 pm.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Both the Allies and Germany at Passchendaele (3rd Ypres) each suffered around 250,000 casualties, but the numbers remain disputed. {in particular, most of the estimates of German casualties throughout the war come from British intelligence sources, which are utterly unreliable, and frequently fantastical.}
Flanders: Heavy rain; German artillery active against new positions on Passchendaele ridge.
The village of Passchendaele before and after the battle: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...097616390057984
Alsace: German raid repulsed at Hartmannsweilerkopf.
MONS CONFERENCE of the OHL: Erich Ludendorff, Georg von Wetzell (principal OHL strategist), Herman von Kuhl (CoS Army Group Rupprecht), and Friedrich von der Schulenberg (CoS Army Group Crown Prince). Ludendorff proposes great offensive on Western Front in ‘New Year’.

Southern Front
Isonzo: Twelfth Battle Of Isonzo, aka, the Battle of Caporetto: Austro-German forces reach the Piave. From Belluno Austrians advance down the Piave towards Feltre; They renew attacks on Asiago Plateau without success. The Battle of Caporetto melds into the First Battle of the Piave (until December 30). Austrians gain small bridgehead at Zenson (night November 12-13) 17 miles from river mouth, 20 miles northeast of Venice and occupy islands in river on November 13. Archduke Eugene moves headquarter from Klagenfurt to Udine.
German and Austro-Hungarian troops begin attacking Italian positions around Monte Grappa in the Venetian Prealps. First 2 British divisions (23rd and 41st) begin arriving in Mantua area, complete November 21.
Unseemable quantities of war material left by the Italians in their hasty escape behind the Piave: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...retto.jpg?ssl=1

Naval and Overseas Operations
Eastern Mediterranean: UC-38 (Hans Wendlandt), one of 3 U-boats sent to help Turks since October 31, sinks British monitor M.15 (26 dead) and destroyer Staunch off Gaza, rest of squadron retire to Port Said.
East Africa: Two British columns meet at Ndonda, Germans flee to hills near Portuguese border.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Turks organize new line of defense covering Jerusalem and Hebron.

Political, etc
Russia: Reports from Petrograd of disorder spreading; Kerenski's forces reach Tsarskoe Selo. Military cadets in Petrograd launch a counterrevolutionary mutiny, known as the Junker mutiny, against the Bolsheviks, but are quickly crushed due to limited support. Bolsheviks crush Cadet ‘Bloody Sunday’ rising in Petrograd and take Krasnoyarsk. Reds control Saratov on Volga.
Troops loyal to Russian Premier Kerensky, mostly Don Cossacks, take Tsarskoye Selo and prepare to attack the Bolsheviks in Petrograd: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...302943257546752
United States: First of 247 fast, four-funnel flush-decker destroyers launched (until April 11, 1921) USS Little (serves at Queenstown, Ireland 1918).
Queen Liliuokalani, the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...393493566517248

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.